A mysterious fungal disease is threatening the iconic Brisbane lizard species, and researchers are deeply concerned. The eastern water dragons, a beloved reptile in Queensland, are under threat from a little-known fungus that could have devastating consequences for Australia's diverse reptile population. A long-term study has revealed that a single case of the fungus has spread rapidly, affecting half of the Roma Street Parklands population over a decade. The fungus, Nannizziopsis barbatae, causes skin lesions and lethargy, leading to starvation and death. It targets the reptile's scales, eating away at the keratin and causing severe damage. The lesions can become so severe that limbs or digits may fall off, and the flesh can die and rot, resulting in the animal's death. Researchers noticed a sharp increase in infections two to three years ago, but the number has stabilized at around half of the affected population. However, the disease is not confined to one area or species; it is present in various reptile populations across Brisbane and has been documented as far as Dubbo and Perth. The origin of the fungus remains a mystery, and whether it is native to Australia or introduced is a critical question. If introduced, it could be a new, deadly pathogen with severe implications. The findings are alarming, especially considering the examples of the chytrid fungus and white-nose syndrome, which have led to the extinction of over 100 species worldwide. In Australia, the chytrid fungus has caused the decline of 43 frog species, including the presumed extinction of seven since its discovery near Brisbane in 1978. The situation is dire, as Australia has a thousand reptile species, 90% of which are endemic. The disease poses a significant threat to biodiversity, and the lack of knowledge about it is a major concern. Experts emphasize the need for increased surveillance to detect and respond to these diseases, especially if they are introduced from overseas, as they can have a devastating impact on both wildlife and human populations.
